Poster Presentations Session 1

December 3rd 2024 91�� | 10:00am - 11:30am | Ballrooms

#4 - Aurore Ackorlie - Racial Stereotyping in US Healthcare: An Examination of the Impact on Patient Care and Healthcare Outcomes

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: This research examines the impact of racial stereotyping on healthcare outcomes, specifically focusing on how racial bias influences how health professionals in the united states address patient concerns. The central research question guiding this study is: how and to what extent does racial stereotyping in the united states impact how health professionals address the concerns of patients? Although previous studies highlight the existence of healthcare disparities across racial groups, this study aims to explore the mechanisms through which systematic and implicit biases alter patient care and provide possible solutions which may eventually lead to equal access to quality healthcare. Findings reveal the role of medical education in the reinforcement of some of these stereotypes. Research also reveals that racial stereotyping, be it conscious or unconscious adversely affects minority patients' access to timely, quality care and influences diagnostic and treatment decisions. Findings also reveal the role of medical education in the reinforcement of some of these stereotypes Through qualitative analysis of scholarly literature and healthcare case studies, this project investigates both structural and interpersonal factors that contribute to disparities in healthcare while enabling us to see how grave the issue at hand actually is, not just to minority groups but to everyone regardless of race.

#5 - Ella Ahern - ASD misunderstandings, stereotypes, and prejudice

Mentor: Nicolas Mugavero
Department: English
Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an incredibly complex disorder that is oftentimes misunderstood, and these misunderstandings can cause real harm to individuals with ASD, whether that be social discrimination, or denial of aid that would greatly help them move through life. Professionals are constantly learning more about the disorder, and there has been an increase in recent awareness surrounding the flaws in the public's understanding. These flaws are caused by both stereotypes, and outdated information on how the disorder actually presents. Though there has been research done on this topic, academic research released is oftentimes limited to its specific focus, and very rarely presents a broad comprehensive scope of the many aspects of the issue. The topic is very nuanced, with sexist, racist, and ableist views still remaining prevalent in neurotypical people's understanding of ASD. Many people hold these views without realizing that they're problematic or where they stem from. This article will review up to date information regarding the history, stereotypes, varying perspectives, and current statistics regarding ASD using academic journals, interviews, and information provided by professionals in the field. This essay intends on providing easily accessible information on the topic of misunderstandings and its effects on the ASD community, connecting a wide range of information to give the audience a view of the bigger picture. Hopefully readers will walk away with a better understanding of the disorder, and be more mindful of their own perceptions and possible biases they may have adopted without realizing it. The paper should provide a cohesive review of many aspects of ASD, and allow readers to start the process of unlearning their own biases.

#6 - Wyatt Ames - The immigrant-export link in the United States

Mentor: Jennifer Gnagey
Department: Economics
Abstract: Immigration, which has seen significant increases in recent times in the US and around the world, has become an increasingly contentious issue. In particular, the rapid rise in the number of people immigrating around the world has resulted in debate regarding the effects that immigrants have on their host countries. This paper investigates the effect of immigration to the United States on US exports to immigrant home countries. Since exports contribute to the country's GDP and development, it is worth determining if immigrants have a positive or negative impact on exports and then taking this effect into consideration when formulating policy. Many other studies have examined the trade-immigration link and have found that immigrants have a positive effect on trade. This effect is attributed to immigrants' capacity to decrease transaction costs and their preferences for certain home country goods. This paper uses more recent state-level data from 2022 for seven of the United States' top thirty trading partners to examine the relationship between immigration and exports. In accordance with prior literature, a gravity equation, augmented with immigration variables, is used to analyze this relationship, as gravity models are an empirically successful method for explaining trade flows between countries. It is expected that a positive relationship will be found, which would be consistent with the findings of previous studies and would lend support to the notion that immigrants decrease the transaction costs associated with trade.

#7 - Landon Baird - siRNA Knockdown of Oncogene ECT2 Combined with Sorafenib Chemotherapy for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mentor: Katherine Bowman
Department: Biochemistry
Abstract: Combination of siRNA targeting the oncogene ECT2 and the FDA-approved chemotherapeutic sorafenib is hypothesized to increase sorafenib efficacy and/or reduce the dose required for treatment of liver cancer. siRNA is a highly specific treatment that knocks out a desired gene through the introduction of a target double-stranded RNA template strand. This double-stranded RNA is used by the RISC complex to bind and cleave complementary segments of mRNA, drastically reducing expression of the target gene. ECT2, shown to be significantly elevated within patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, the most common type of liver cancer), was chosen for this study. The ECT2 gene is responsible for activating Rho GTPases, which both encourage metastasis and play a role in preventing cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Sorafenib, a commonly used chemotherapy for advanced HCC, has a high incidence of toxic side effects. This study aims to use Sorafenib in conjunction with ECT2-targeted siRNA to reduce the proliferation and increase apoptosis of HCC cells, with the expected result of decreasing the levels of Sorafenib required to treat HCC and therefore lowering the side effects of treatment. This is being done by growing/seeding Hep3B cells (an HCC cell line with high ECT2 levels), transfecting them with ECT2 siRNA, treating them with varying concentrations of sorafenib, and measuring the dose of sorafenib required to kill half of the HCC cells (IC50) through the MTS cell viability assay. We have already shown a successful knockdown of the ECT2 gene with siRNA, and preliminary results show a reduction in sorafenib's IC50 value when combined with ECT2-targeted siRNA. If further studies prove successful, this may lead to a reduction in the dosage required for sorafenib treatment of HCC, therefore reducing patient side effects and/or increasing efficacy of this chemotherapy.

#8 - Almon Bate- Analysis of Disneyland wait times VS posted wait times

Mentor: Gavin Roberts
Department: Economics
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine how accurate the posted wait times are at Disneyland. To do this, I personally visited Disneyland, upon entering the line for a ride did the following: One: mark down the current posted time from the Disney app. Two: Start a timer on my phone. I would then stop this timer when I entered the seat of the ride in question. I would then count the total number of available seats on the ride and record that information. If the ride was a continuous ride, such as The Haunted Mansion, where the ride never stops moving for people to enter or exit the ride, I would count how many people left the ride in a 2-minute-long period. This would allow me to estimate the number of people that are able to ride within a 2-minute period. I found this approach to work well within the constraints I had and the problems with it, such as the low number of observations to be evident and easily explained. The expected results, before looking too deep at the data, is that Disneyland has a very accurate timing system when it comes to measuring wait times. Also, continuous rides generally had more variance between the posted time and actual wait time. I found this to be true because not every seat was taken and there would be frequent interruptions where the entire ride would stop for a short period of time. Furthermore, I found that on rides that generally had a longer wait time there were comforts given to the individuals waiting in line. These are more shade, drinking fountains, objects on the walls to inspect and smells that help to entertain the riders.

#9 - Bergen Billings- The Butterfly Effect of 9/11

Mentor: Nicolas Mugavero
Department: English
Abstract: For my Abstract topic I chose to do the topic of the butterfly effect of 9/11 to the cancellation of the Ellen DeGeneres show. In 2011 after the twin towers. This is the butterfly effect, how one event can have a direct impact on events to come. The way I will show this is through the events of 9/11 and how it directly canceled Ellen DeGeneres show. The purpose of this topic is to show real life examples of the butterfly effect. This demonstrates how every action and decision we make has consequences.

#10 - Kyle Brech - Testing the Change in Shear Stress on Intumescent Ablative Materials

Additional Authors: Kaden Rust, Ian Briggs, Ryan Green and Jared Flitton
Mentor: Spencer Petersen
Department: Mechanical Engineering
Abstract: Ablative materials undergo thermochemical reactions, forming charred surfaces that reduce heat transfer through the material. In addition, intumescent materials swell as they ablate under high temperatures, providing enhanced thermal protection. Intumescent ablatives are commonly used as heat shields on the exteriors of missiles and rockets, protecting these vehicles as they travel at speeds beyond Mach 4. To date, no research has been conducted regarding the intumescence of ablative materials wherein shears stress has been quantified. The test bed designed consists of strain gauges attached to a silicone rubber material, which are bonded underneath the ablative material being tested. It is assumed that the shear stress applied to the ablative by the flow field will be directly transferred from the ablative material to the silicone rubber due to the rigid properties of the material. This analysis will determine the expected shear stress and strain in the test bed as the material undergoes stagnation temperatures of supersonic flight. This will be simulated using a propane torch to achieve the desired temperature.

#11 - Emma Brinkerhoff - Taylor Swift and her Feminism

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: This project examines Taylor Swift's role as a Feminist icon, focusing on her impact of young women. It explores how Swift's career evolution, from a country artist with a "good girl" persona to an advocate for women's rights, and how it has shaped her public image and influence on her audience. Through cannon events like her sexual assault trial in 2017, her public challenge to Apple Music's royalty policy, her dispute with Scooter Braun over her music ownership rights, Swift's activism is seen as a powerful form of feminism. This project uses a larger framework to show Swift's impact on modern Feminism. It analyses both her impact on fans and her limitations and critiques about her alignment with being a white, upper-class person with individualistic success experiences. By analyzing her public speeches and media presence this project contributes the discussions of celebrity's roles in social movements. The findings suggest that while Swift's activism may not be beneficial in getting rid of structural inequality, it encourages and inspires young women to challenge traditional gender expectations and use self determination in there own lives.

#12 - Sarah Buckway - Redesigning Metronidazole to Decrease Neurotoxicity in Canids and Odor Detection Dogs

Mentor: Tracy Covey
Department: Biochemistry
Abstract: Metronidazole is an antibiotic, belonging to the nitroimidazole class of drugs, that target anaerobic infections of several Protozoa in humans and canids. The dose and duration of metronidazole therapy can result in neurotoxicity and Metronidazole Induced Encephalopathy (MIE) including loss of smell. The caveat to prescribing Metronidazole to canids, is their olfactory system is 100,000 times more acute than humans, and K9's are used in security to detect explosives especially at large events and at our Nation's Border. I am investigating if it is possible to create a compound that will increase potency and also hinder the drug's ability to cross the blood brain barrier, preventing MIE. I prepared 2 alternate compounds using computer aided drug design software to evaluate binding sites, molecular modeling, and molecular docking. My results will be discussed on my poster. This study is investigating the possibility of redesigning a drug for canids that maintains antibiotic and antidiarrheal properties and eliminates neurotoxicity effects.

#13 - Sabrina Buhler - How Diverse are Grazing Mayflies?

Mentor: Christopher Hoagstrom
Department: Zoology
Abstract: The order Ephemeroptera (mayflies) are a very diverse group of insects with aquatic larvae that play important roles in stream bed ecosystems. We wanted to investigate a family within the mayfly order that are specialized grazers (Heptageniidae: flatheaded mayflies). Our main goal was to find out how many genera within that family live in Strong's Creek and how their morphologies differed from each other. Strongs Creek is located beside the 91�� Ogden Campus. We collected Heptageniidae larvae using kick-nets and plucking them off the rocks, and identified them to the genus level. We found four genera: Cinygmula, Epeorus, Macdunnoa, and Rhithrogena. When comparing, we saw that Epeorus and Rhithrogena had flatter bodies and flatter heads that covered their blade-like mandibles. They also had gills that formed suction disk. These traits aid them in occupying faster-moving waters while eating algae they scrape off the rocks. Cinygmula, with its semi-cylindrical body, protruding mandibles, and non-disk-like gills, would be found in slower water. Lastly, Macdunnoa, with its constricted mouthparts and more cylindrical body, would be found in crevices or on the stream floor where they can forage on settled particles.

#14 - Fernando Cervantes - Equal pay for Male and Female Soccer players

#15 - Sarah Cooper - The Dark Side of Athletes Participating in Intermittent Fasting

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: Intermittent fasting has grown in popularity over the years, pushed by the media. Intermittent fasting has some great outcomes when followed correctly. Since the trend of intermittent fasting has been spread to every demographic, it is hard to gather the right information to perform the diet accurately. A demographic that sticks out when discussing intermittent fasting is athletes. Athletes tend to lean on the support of intermittent fasting to accomplish this goal. There are great risks when participating in a fast especially when having the same mindset as an athlete does. There can be psychological effects that can be damaging to mental health and physical health also. In my research I was able to find studies on athletes and the effects intermittent fasting has on them. This research linked individuals that partaked in fasting were found to have develop mental health concerns like depression, anxiety, and even suicidal thoughts. It was also found that following a fast strictly can be very difficult to uphold, especially if someone's habits were unacceptable before, when breaking a fast can cause guilt. The feeling of being guilty can cause disordered eating behavior that is led by the need to gain control again. Athletes are pushed to extremes to do well for their teams, their audiences, coaches, and themselves. Athletes are dedicated to succeed in their sport and it is easy for them to feel like they do not have control of their lives. A way to gain control is their eating habits. There has been little to no regulation within sports to watch out for these concerns. It has come to researchers and professionals' concerns that the trend of intermittent fasting is growing and it is important to spread knowledge about the risks to create resources for these athletes in need.

#16 - Ashlyn Crowell - Stress and Classroom Communication: A Mixed Methods Study

Mentor: Sarah Steimel
Department: Communication
Abstract: This study aimed to examine how stress affects college students' communication within the classroom setting. A mixed method approach was used to gather data through validated scales measuring students' stressors, their sense of worry, student empowerment, and practices that foster closed or open communication. A qualitative response on experiences regarding professor-student communication complemented the quantitative responses. I gathered a sample of 254 participants, each a Weber State student during the Spring 2024 91�� semester, through non-probability sampling. The sample included 82 men, 163 women, 3 non-binary individuals, 4 who had other identities, and one who did not answer. The ages ranged from 17 to 50 (average age ~23). Quantitative analysis found a significant difference between the reported stress levels of men and women. It also found a weak correlation between overall stress levels and a decrease in perceived classroom competence. The findings also indicate a weak correlation between classroom communication and student empowerment. Qualitative data collected from open-ended survey questions identified four themes that disempower students from communicating with their professors: (1) when professors do not aid academic performance, (2) when they avoid communication, (3) when they share negative comments, and (4) when they don't care. These findings highlight the importance of professors and other tools on campus promoting habits that empower communication within the classroom. Further study can provide these resources with additional information on how to benefit students when experiencing stress.

#17 - Amber Devereaux - Elucidating the Mechanism of p53-Bad*, a Novel Gene Therapy for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mentor: Katherine Bowman
Department: Chemistry
Abstract: In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of p53-Bad* “a novel apoptosis-inducing gene therapy for liver cancer" the expression levels of several key proteins expected to interact with p53-Bad* must be quantified. Tumor suppressor protein p53 is critical in the regulation of cellular responses to stress, including the initiation of apoptosis in damaged cells. p53 is typically found in the nucleus, but when bound to Bad*, a mitochondrial pro-apoptotic BH3 protein, p53 localizes to the mitochondria. Once there, the p53-Bad* fusion protein induces potent apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Based on known interactions between p53/Bad and various other proteins (as well as previous work by our collaborators), p53-Bad* is hypothesized to activate Bak and Bax, which homo-oligomerize to form mitochondrial pores that release cytochrome c and induce apoptosis. Additionally, p53-Bad* is hypothesized to bind to anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 to prevent their inhibition of Bak and Bax. p53-Bad* mutations blocking its binding sites for Bak, Bax, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 were created, but in order to test these mutants in several different HCC cell lines “C3A, Hep3B.1-7, and PLC/PRF/5" the baseline expression levels of each of these potential binding partners must be determined. This data was/will be acquired by growing and seeding each of the three cell lines, extracting mRNA from these cells, and using quantitative real-time PCR to determine the expression levels of each gene of interest. We expect to see variations in the Bak, Bax, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 levels between each cell line that will help explain differences in apoptosis levels between these cells. Understanding the molecular mechanism behind the apoptotic activity of p53-Bad* in HCC cells will provide valuable information for the development of this anti-cancer gene therapeutic as a new tool to assist patients fighting liver cancer.

#18 - Pravesh Dhakal - The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Teenagers in the United States

Mentor: Nick Mugavero
Department: English
Abstract: This paper tries to bring into focus a more detailed look at the multilayered interaction between the use of social media and adolescent mental health. A central research question is: How does use of social media influence the mental health of U.S. teens? Running parallel to the rise in the prevalence of social media use among teenagers are a number of concerns about possible devastating consequences for their mental health. Other than the benefits that might come out of such social media, such as connectivity and the sharing of information, various links between use and anxiety, depression, and body image concerns are observed. The design of the current study will be a mixed-methods design, in which quantitative and qualitative methods of research will be utilized. Quantitative methods will be utilized in the survey method of data collection in order to achieve information from a large-sized sample about the pattern of social media usage along with symptoms of poor mental health and other demographic information in teenagers. Qualitative interviews and focus groups will be used to understand the lived experiences of adolescents and perceived impacts of social media use on mental health. Findings from this study would, therefore, go a long way in explaining the convoluted relationship between the use of social media and adolescent mental health. More importantly, such findings will underpin the development of interventions and policies that attempt to promote good mental health in the digital era by specifying which factors contribute to negative mental health outcomes. It will further offer useful insights necessary for parents, educators, and policymakers in the light of challenges and opportunities brought forth by social media.

#19 - Keagan Egbert - Epiphytic Diatom Abundance on Mosses in Relation to Moisture Content and Distance from Water at Gib's Loop Trail, Utah

Mentors: Heather Root and Dr. Kerri Mocko
Department: Botany
Abstract: How do epiphytic diatoms' abundance on mosses vary in relation to distance from a water source? Diatoms are a type of microorganism that typically grow in water but can grow on plants. These non-aquatic diatoms' interactions with the plants they live on are not well understood. In order to understand this interaction it is important to understand why and where they will grow on plants. Because diatoms rely heavily on water to get their nutrients, moisture content and distance from a water source could greatly impact the abundance of diatoms growing on the moss. In this project I identify relative diatom cover classes on mosses in relation to their distance from a creek and measured moisture content. Samples of moss were measured and collected out in the field and then taken back to a lab to be weighed and tested for moisture content. Diatoms were found to have a higher abundance when closer to a water source, and when the moisture content of the moss was higher.

#20 - Christine Eldredge-Brown - Implementing Evidence-Based Nonpharmacological Interventions for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting at a Regional Community Hospital

Mentor: Melissa NeVille Norton
Department: Nursing
Abstract: Purpose: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common occurrence affecting surgical patients following anesthesia. In addition to patient dissatisfaction, PONV can cause various patient issues including dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, aspiration of gastric secretions, wound dehiscence, delayed discharge, and increased risk of rehospitalization. This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) quality improvement project involved implementing an evidence-based integrative care process offering preoperative patients' acupressure as an adjunct to traditional treatments for patients at a regional same-day surgical unit. Methodology: To address postoperative nausea and vomiting, which occurs despite advances in anesthesia and antiemetic medications, a literature review was performed, and evidence-based interventions were identified to prevent or mitigate PONV. A new care process was created, including using a PONV risk score, a multimodal approach for treating PONV, and the departmental introduction of an acupressure device. This new care process was piloted within the same-day surgery department of a regional community hospital. The new process was initiated through the staff nurses improving the identification of patients at high risk for PONV, empowering the nurses to implement measures to prevent PONV, and providing guidelines for treating patients who experienced nausea postoperatively. Results: Pre- and post-education surveys were conducted of the nursing staff within the same-day surgery department, along with follow-up surveys on the new care process and device use. The data collected from surveying 24 nurses revealed an improvement in the nurses' understanding of PONV risk assessment and interventions for preventing and mitigating PONV. The survey data revealed the nurses improved in confidence in PONV care, understood scoring PONV risk, the enthusiastic patient feedback about trying the acupressure devices, and the patient satisfaction with their postoperative care. The data also revealed that the nurses believed they had an important role in preventing and treating PONV. Implications for Practice: Introducing a new evidence-based care process and interventions for preventing and mitigating PONV improves patient outcomes and patient satisfaction as well as nurse and anesthesia provider satisfaction. The evidence gathered demonstrates that acupressure is a safe and effective therapy for both prevention and mitigation of PONV and is recommended by consensus guidelines as part of a multimodal approach. This new care process, with the addition of acupressure devices, is currently being considered throughout the organization of which the regional hospital is part. Utilizing integrative medicine within the hospital setting is an area for valuable future research.

#21 - Ashlee Ellinwood - Bridging the Gap: A Communication Privacy Management Approach to Student-Faculty Interaction in Higher Education

Additional Author: Chloee Robison
Mentor: Sarah Steimel
Department: Communications
Abstract: This study examines the criteria undergraduate students use to develop privacy management rules when deciding whether to share personal struggles and stress with their instructors, guided by Communication Privacy Management Theory (CPM). CPM highlights individuals' belief in owning their private information and the rules they create to regulate its disclosure, emphasizing the vulnerability in sharing personal matters. High-stress levels among college students have documented impacts on academic performance, mental health, and well-being; while faculty-student relationships and social support have been shown to alleviate stress, the factors that shape students' decisions to confide in faculty remain underexplored. This qualitative, interpretive study employed semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 40 undergraduate students to investigate which criteria students use to develop privacy management rules with instructors. Data analysis, grounded in CPM, revealed four main themes influencing students' privacy management decisions: (1) Culture-norms of higher education and past experiences inform disclosure choices; (2) Motivations, help-seeking for academic support and relationship-building and reciprocity with professors; (3) Context-factors such as course policies, physical environment, relevance to class content, and the professor-student relationship influence openness; and (4) Risk-Benefit Assessment, students weigh potential stigma, face risk (embarrassment), and role risk to social and professional standing. By understanding these CPM-informed factors, educators can better support student well-being and enhance academic success through informed communication practices.

#22 - Jennifer Fernandez - The Impact of Parent-Child Communication from Infancy to Toddlerhood

Additional Authors: Krysten Curtis and Amanda Wall
Mentor: Ryan Dunn
Department: Child and Family Studies
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to understand language and communication milestones in infants and toddlers, clarify the role of adults in promoting these skills, and provide actionable steps for parents facing developmental concerns. By investigating these areas, the study aims to equip caregivers with the knowledge and tools necessary to support their children's language development effectively. The significance of this study lies in its potential to foster early identification and intervention for children at risk of language delays. By highlighting effective communication strategies and outlining pathways for addressing developmental concerns, the research can contribute to improved outcomes in language acquisition and overall development. Lastly, this study seeks to empower parents and caregivers, ensuring that they can play a proactive role in nurturing their children's communication skills and supporting their long-term well-being.

#23- Ethan Finley - The Controversial Impact of Artificial Intelligence: The Foreboding Rise of Generated Art

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: Algorithms and programs have been incorporating AI over the course of the last few years, but only recently has it started to become even more widespread, but as a result, it is also becoming more controversial within many business fields. It was once a common fear that our jobs and hobbies would eventually be replaced by robots and artificial intelligence in the future. Now with the recent developments in AI algorithms and programs, that fear is slowly becoming reality. With the recent development of image generation through artificial intelligence, people have created algorithms that allow their programs to generate art that, on the surface, seems to be in equal or higher quality than man-made images and art. This paper will provide an argument on the impact of artificial intelligence on the art industry and whether or not its impact on the creative industry is positively or negatively affecting the art world. By referencing the data and research found by others, I will continue to further my own argument and have an overview of other people's opinions on such a controversial matter. I personally believe that artificial intelligence and generated art should not have a place in such a field where human emotions are necessary in order for any piece of art to have an emotional impact on the observer.

#24- Elise Fortin - Income and Pollutants: The Effect on Respiratory Illness Mortality

Mentor: Jennifer Gnagey
Department: Economics
Abstract: For decades there has been a need to enhance the research of air quality and its impact on public health; particularly, particulate matter (PM) pollution. This study focuses on state-level data from the years 2010 to 2019 to investigate two pressing questions: (1) What is the effect of PM 2.5 pollution on mortality from respiratory illness? And (2) Does the negative health impact of PM 2.5 pollution increase as income inequality rises? This pollutant can be extremely dangerous when prolonged exposure occurs. Therefore, anyone who is put at risk from increased PM 2.5 levels might find this study to be of importance to better understand the effects of income inequality and respiratory mortality. It can be viewed that on the national level there has been a positive trend in respiratory mortality rates. In parallel, the Gini coefficient has also demonstrated an upward trend-- which reflects a growing disparity in income distribution across all states. However, PM 2.5 levels have generally decreased on a national scale, suggesting improvements in air quality; although, the rate of respiratory mortality still rises. Nevertheless, this national decline doesn't represent state- level variability. For instance, Utah has experienced sporadic spikes in PM 2.5 levels at irregular intervals, while South Carolina has a relatively stable and stagnant trajectory in PM 2.5 concentrations. Many other studies have focused on the national scale across a variety of countries, but few examine the variation of results based on a more pinpointed region. This study aims to provide a clearer understanding of how PM 2.5 pollution and income inequality interact to influence respiratory health outcomes across different states in the U.S. through linear regression. I expect there to be a negative relationship where, as the Gini coefficient rises and PM 2.5 increases, the rate of asthma mortality will increase, vice versa.

#25 - Megan Fullmer - Isolation of Microbes From PCB Contaminated Soil Samples

Additional Authors: Tyson Lesser, Nicholas Murray and Evan Searls
Mentor: Katrina Twing
Department: Microbiology
Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are man-made chemicals that used to have quite a few uses, such as in paints, fluorescent lighting fixtures, and hydraulic fluids, although the main use was in electrical equipment used as a coolant or a lubricant. PCBs were popular due to their good insulation properties and resistance to degradation, however after more research, it was found that PCBs had a harmful environmental impact and negative health effects on humans and animals. This ultimately led the United States to ban the use of PCBs in January 1978, however PCBs that had previously been disposed of remained in the environment. Using mud samples originally collected by Dr. Twing in June 2023 from the PCB-contaminated Housatonic River in Pittsfield/Lenox Massachusetts, we cultured and studied multiple microorganisms from an anaerobic soil sample to look into what positive effects they might have on degrading PCBs.
We first performed a serial dilution and quadrant streak of the mud sample on media containing PCBs to isolate PCB-tolerant microbes. To test whether the isolates were capable of degrading the PCB molecules, we sprayed them with biphenyl and observed whether a color change, which indicates a metabolic byproduct, occurred. We observed three of our four isolates exhibited the color change and therefore likely were actively degrading the PCBs. We performed DNA extraction, PCR, and gel electrophoresis to prepare our samples for DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. This gene, when compared to known sequences via BLAST analysis, allows the researcher to identify the species of bacteria that was isolated. We isolated Rossellomorea marisflavi, Bacillus sanguinis, and Priestia megaterium. While there wasn't information in the literature about R. marisflavi and B. sanguinis being about to degrade PCBs, it is well known that P. megatrium is capable of degrading PCBs. This is important because using PCB degrading microbes such as P. megaterium to help degrade PCBs could have a positive effect on the environment and ecosystems.

#26 - Fayth Harris - The Affects the NFL has on its Athletes

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: How do the NFL safety protocols affect its athletes' mental and physical health? The studies performed were surveys that players were asked to take. Implying only basic answers from the players, to help conclude what the players are feeling and going through. With information from medical professionals and people who are well educated in the NFL world. Having the knowledge of injuries specifically for concussions and the protocols put in place to protect its athletes. Having knowledge in all directions from the athletes to coaches and all the medical professionals that will be in the game. There is also a support system that needs to be present from family and the resources that the athletes have. Being an NFL athlete puts pressure on the players and the environment can be consuming. This also goes for when these athletes retire and try to navigate life without playing football, finding a new path to go down as NFL players have a short career span.

#27 - Olivia Hovley - Opioid Epidemic in the United States

Mentor: Nicolas Mugavero
Department: English
Abstract: For my Research Paper 2 topic, I am writing about the opioid crisis that's going on in the United States today. The opioid epidemic has become a significant health crisis, affecting various communities. The research I am doing will cover socioeconomic factors such as poverty, healthcare, unemployment, and other factors such as mental health and addiction. Examining the links between economic hardship, lack of job opportunities, and inadequate healthcare services. I will explain how these factors not only increase the risk of opioid use and addiction but also how difficult it is for individuals to recover. My thesis statement will be: How do socioeconomic factors, such as poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to healthcare, contribute to higher rates of opioid addiction in specific communities across the United States? Not only will I be covering the socioeconomic factors associated with the opioid crisis in the U.S., but I will also include the steps individuals can take to recover and receive help. I will emphasize government intervention and the various programs and laws established to aid in this nationwide issue. I will be talking about the latest opioid epidemic that dates to the early 1990s and still has a grasp on the United States today.

#28 - Dave Hulme - Voter Engagement in the 21st Century

Mentor: Gavin Roberts
Department: Economics
Abstract: The central research question motivating my project is: "What can be done to positively influence voter engagement in the 21st century?" The study is motivated by observations that voter participation in the United States is significantly worse than similar citizen cohorts in comparable democracies, with an increasing number of voters feeling politically homeless and many registering as independents, creating a shift away from the traditional two-party system. While traditional studies have focused on factors such as socioeconomic factors, voter suppression and election logistics to explain the phenomenon, these same issues exist in other nations that continue to outperform the United States in voter participation levels. This suggests that though systemic challenges do exist, research is needed to explore other possibilities that might better demonstrate the underlying obstacles. The methodology involves a Python-based simulation alongside a mathematical equation designed to model positive and negative feedback loops in candidate viability over 20 consecutive weeks of an election cycle. By integrating initial candidate positions, viability metrics, and iterative viability shifts into a simulation, this study evaluates how candidate viability changes impact voter behavior and engagement. The size of candidate influence areas (modeled as circles) changes over time based on a candidate's viability, demonstrating a discernable shift in the political landscape. The expected outcome of the analysis is that overcoming initial viability barriers could significantly improve voter engagement, most notably through the emergence of viable candidates outside the traditional two-party structure. The results will be contextualized to show that increased electoral competition and representation may lead to sustained voter engagement and a more representative democracy. This approach underscores the potential impact of structural changes, such as adjusting the population-to-representative ratio in the House of Representatives, to foster a political environment conducive to broader participation and engagement.

#29 - Tyler Jenkins - The Effect of Short Perturbation-based Training on Balance

Mentor: Sachini Kodi
Department: Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
Abstract: The incidence of fall-related injuries in the U.S. workforce has been growing at a rapid rate. Between fatal and non-fatal work-related fall injuries in 2022, upwards of 2.35 million people were injured, with 5486 of those being deaths. The main reason for these fall-related injuries stems from balance-related issues or inadequacies, emphasizing the importance of increasing a person's balance capacity. This study aimed to view the impact of a short, 3-day, perturbation-based training on balance in young and healthy adults. 20 participants (10 males and 10 females) with no lower body injuries were placed on a specialized BalanceTutor treadmill, which allows for randomized perturbations to occur in the frontward, backward, left and right directions. These perturbations are meant to cause what would be considered a trip or a slip, all while hooked up to a harness to avoid any falls. Each of the three days, the individuals underwent 40 unexpected perturbations while walking normally for 20 minutes on the BalanceTutor treadmill. Before and after the training was done, the individuals' static balance was measured with a force platform, and the dependent variables were average center of pressure (COP) displacement along the medial-lateral (X) and the anterior-posterior (Y) directions. The data was analyzed via the JASP statistical software, utilizing a dependent t-test. The t-test showed that there was no significant difference in static balance before and after the perturbation training sessions were completed. There was an average displacement along the X-axis in bilateral (p = 0.115), dominant leg (p = 0.204), and non-dominant leg (p = 0.107) balance measurements. Also, the average displacements in the Y axis were bilateral (p = 0.133), dominant leg (p = 0.104), and non-dominant leg (p = 0.110). From these results, we can suggest that there was no significant difference, as none of the p-values were less than 0.05. This could be due to inadequate training as each training session was only 20 minutes long. For future research, longer perturbation-based training sessions could be utilized.

#30 - Ei Kyi - Economic Development in Utah: Opportunities and Challenges

Mentor: Nicolas Mugavero
Department: English
Abstract: The research analysis focuses on the economic development of Utah and its preliminary economic opportunities and challenges. The study seeks to answer the question: What proposed solutions and policies can address Utah's economic challenges to ensure sustainable development, and how can the state leverage its diverse economic sectors and skilled workforce to drive long-term growth? Although there is rapid economic growth in some major economic industries, Utah faces persistent challenges despite its rapid economic growth. This study seeks to provide clarity and understanding of how economic policies and proposed solutions can alleviate Utah's major issues that hinder integrated economic development, fostering individual and community well-being. The methodology involves a qualitative policy report, a review of economic academic journals, and statistical data analysis on metrics such as measuring inflation rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and a focus on the growth of each industry. The study also examines the data and percentage comparison between past and present economic development as well as future economic projections. The first outcomes indicate that government initiatives and their efforts to implement strong policies still strengthen Utah's economic growth. For instance, regarding the housing shortage and affordability, Utah's government aims to establish policies that achieve its goal of building 35,000 new starter homes by 2028. By tackling major issues through these policies and solutions, Utah can foster integrated, sustainable economic development that benefits all residents. As a result, Utah remains strong in economic prosperity and sustainable growth that supports both individuals and the community.

#31 - Tuan Le - ReduJavator: A Tool to Simplify Developer-written Java Unit Tests

Additional Author: Brandon Wilber
Mentor: Arpit Christi
Department: School of Computing
Abstract: Debugging is an essential but often time-consuming task in software development. A failing test helps the developer to debug, locate, and fix the fault. Failing test reduction is helpful as it keeps failure-inducing components of the test while removing components unrelated to failure. Many test case reduction techniques, algorithms, and tools have been proposed previously. If we consider test inputs written in programming languages like Java, Python, or C, most existing techniques fail to consider the underlying Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), the interdependence between its components, and the intricacies of a particular programming language grammar. They treat all components of AST the same way and may produce a large number of non-compilable intermediate variants during the reduction process. We propose a new tool called ReduJavator to reduce Java unit tests that leverages the AST and its components to avoid producing many non-compilable variants during the reduction process. We evaluate ReduJavator for applicability and accuracy. We use 30 real-world defects from the Defects4J database and 30 artificially created defects for open-source Java projects. ReduJavator is highly applicable and accurate. For Defects4J bugs, ReduJavator has 94.29% precision and 100% recall. For artificial bugs, ReduJavator has 93.85% precision and 90.67% recall.

#32 - Ryan Le - Autonomous Pool Navigating Boat

Additional Author: Ben Stone
Mentor: Jonathan West
Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering
Abstract: This project aims to develop an autonomous water vehicle capable of navigating within a swimming pool environment to generate a 3D map of the pool floor and surrounding walls. This vehicle will utilize sonar sensors, ESC (Electronic Speed Control) motors, an orientation sensor, and a Raspberry Pi 5 as its computational core. The increasing need for automated mapping in confined water environments, such as pools or small reservoirs, presents an opportunity for innovation within the realms of robotics and environmental sensing. Current methods for underwater mapping often rely on large-scale systems unsuitable for smaller, controlled water environments, highlighting a gap this project seeks to address.
The research methodology involves designing and constructing a small-scale watercraft equipped with sonars for environmental scanning, allowing for comprehensive depth and proximity measurements. The vehicle's ESC motors are controlled to facilitate precise directional and speed adjustments, enabling it to perform systematic sweeps of the pool area. An orientation sensor aids in maintaining stable navigation, while the Raspberry Pi 5 coordinates data acquisition, processing, and real-time control. Data collected from the sonars will be processed using an onboard algorithm designed to construct a 3D map of the pool environment.
Expected outcomes include a video demonstration of autonomous navigation and mapping in a controlled water setting. The final 3D map will be evaluated based on spatial accuracy and resolution. This project's contribution lies in advancing autonomous mapping capabilities for confined water environments, potentially informing future designs for environmental monitoring and underwater inspection tools.

#34 - Sarah Madsen - Affects of Performance Enhancing Drugs on Policies for the Olympics

Mentor: Nicolas Mugavero
Department: English
Abstract: This research investigates the policies, regulations, and organizations put into place for the Olympic games, due to the misuse of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs). At the heart of this investigation is this question: How has the use of performance enhancing drugs affected the rules and regulations of the Olympics? PEDs have been plaguing the Olympics since their beginning. Despite continuing research on the benefits of doping, the regulations are still in place and adapting to the growing use of these illegal substances. This analysis strives to illuminate how the International Olympic Committee decided to create the policies, what they are, and how they enforce them. The methods of study include studying scholarly journals and popular articles to discover the genuine regulations. Additionally, this research explores the organizations that set up and enforce the rules. Preliminary evidence shows that some disagree with the regulations and believe that PEDs are good for the future of sports. By confronting these widespread inaccuracies, this research will inform readers of the risk that PEDs offer to both sportsmanship and health of the athletes leading to the policies and rules concerning doping. This paper will only analyze the regulations of doping in the modern Olympic Games, which is the Olympics since they were started up again in 1896. The goal is to analyze how over the course of the modern Olympics, rules have morphed, awards have been stripped, and regulations have been created, some including blood and urine samples. New policies are constantly being considered, proposed, and put into place, such as adding to the list of banned substances and practices. This will impact the future of the Olympic games, because those are more things the athletes must do to be able to compete.

#35 - Abby Miller - Lifting the Curtain On Domestic Violence: Peering into Women's Experiences Behind Closed Doors

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: Domestic Violence is something that affects over a third of women worldwide, yet people still hesitate to talk about this subject and consider the details taboo conversation. The psychological effects of abuse can often last years beyond the survivor's escape from a violent situation/relationship. While exploring different scholarly research and comparing real life stories retold by survivors of DV, I was able to look into how abuse can impact women's lives short and long term. I examine the effects that are often not spoken to, also taking into consideration how societal structures and socioeconomic circumstances and lack of education often lead women to stay in abusive relationships. By looking into ways for women to find positive coping mechanisms, and exposing the impacts of the abuse, I want to help take the stigma and shame out of using the term "Domestic Violence" and the women who have survived it.

#36 - Ashley Montgomery - Response of Great Salt Lake Microbialite Photosynthetic Communities to Varying Salinity

Mentor: Carie Frantz
Department: Earth and Environmental Sciences
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between salinity and microbial community composition within microbialites from the Great Salt Lake, focusing on colonial cyanobacteria. Samples were collected from microbialite sites around the northern end of Antelope Island from 2017 to 2023, with recorded salinity levels. Two methods "microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequencing” were used to analyze microbial diversity. Microscopy provided a presence/absence record for cyanobacteria and algae, while 16S sequencing identified broader microbial groups. The results revealed weak correlations between salinity and colonial cyanobacteria abundance. These differences underscore the complexity of assessing microbial communities through both genetic and visual methods. While microscopy captures visually identifiable organisms, 16S sequencing can detect a broader array of microbes that may be less visually distinct. Despite fluctuating salinity levels, the presence of certain microbial groups within the microbialites suggests a resilience and adaptability among these microbes, allowing them to persist under variable conditions.

#37 - Raegan Morris - The Relationship Between a Functionally Impaired Child and Their Siblings' Communication Patterns in Adulthood

Additional Authors: Kaitlyn Wilcox, Maren Duncan and Cambree Pearce
Mentor: C. Ryan Dunn
Department: Family Studies
Abstract: The family unit that we are raised in can greatly influence us into our adulthood. Having a sibling with a functional impairment has unique challenges and experiences that will impact both the family and each of its individual members. Well-siblings of functionally impaired children may develop personality and communication styles that follow them into adulthood and impact their relationships. The effects of having a sibling or child with a disability within a family system are vast. Some of the effects reviewed above include enhanced family cohesion, better awareness of inner strength, financial, physical, and emotional strain, and unsolicited parentification with caretaking responsibilities (Dew et al., 2008; Reichmen, et. al, 2007). The degree to which the individual is disabled also has specific implications for the family's emotional and mental well-being (Dew et al., 2008). Considering these complicated family systems, this study intends to focus on the experience of the well-children. Noted by previous literature, normality developing who have disabled siblings may experience higher measures of physical health issues, emotional distress, sleeping problems, an overall lower quality of life, and may exhibit negative behavior such as anger, sadness, jealousy, and anxiety compared to children who do not have a disabled sibling (Feudtner et al., 2021; Williams et al., 2010). The degree to which these outcomes affect future romantic relationships is under study. Specifically, whether the experience of having a sibling with a disability has a direct effect on the conflict resolution style exhibited by the well-sibling in a romantic relationship thereby affecting the relationship satisfaction of the couple. The purpose of the study is to determine if the experience of having a functionally impaired sibling in the family unit during childhood has an impact on an individual's conflict management style in adulthood. To achieve this assessment, a qualitative study was conducted using an anonymous, online survey operating on the software system Qualtrics. This survey was aimed towards adults who were raised with a functionally impaired sibling. Recruitment tactics for the survey included posters, flyer distribution, social media posts, and contacting agencies and programs that work with functionally impaired individuals or their families in some capacity to distribute the survey. Data analysis of these surveys included scoring conflict management responses and comparing them to trends in research participants' sibling experiences and gender differences.

#38 - Alysha Mudrow - The Effects that Ultra-Processed Food Has On Our Life Expectancy: How Are We Being Warned?

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: How do processed foods impact the life expectancy in the United States and how are K-12 schools educating students about their diets? Many studies have shown that overconsumption of ultra-processed foods could easily be detrimental to the future health of Americans, such as raising the risk for diabetes and heart disease as well as mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. It is crucial to learn the importance of a good diet, the problem is that within the United States, achieving a healthy diet is not an easy task. K-12 administrations work hard to find what interventions help best for children to lean towards healthy foods. However, even though administrations try their best, many teachers feel as though they do not get an adequate amount of training on how to teach kids a better diet. Especially within the United States, ultra-processed food is everywhere and often disguised in what seems to be healthy food but is often put through a factory where they add chemicals and added sugars.

#39 - Britney Munday - Pre-screening for Early Identification of Sex-Steroid Hormone Imbalances

Additional Authors: Stacie Carter
Mentor: Tamara Berghout
Department: Nursing
Abstract: Excess or insufficient levels of Sex-Steroid Hormones (SSHs) like estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone can influence a woman's mental and physical well-being. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) are two commonly recognized disorders that frequently manifest with SSH imbalances. Unfortunately, studies demonstrate a significant delay in the diagnosis of PCOS and POI that can lead to poor patient health outcomes. This quality improvement project aimed to assist medical providers with the early identification of patients experiencing symptoms of PCOS or POI. This quality improvement project included the development and implementation of an educational presentation, pre-screening tool, and a referral process at a local women's health clinic. Following implementation, evaluation showed that the quality improvement project was successful across all measured metrics. Post-education survey data demonstrated an increase in medical provider's knowledge of PCOS and POI. Long-term follow-up data revealed that providers perceived that the pre-screening tool contributed to improved patient outcomes through the assistance of earlier recognition of patients experiencing signs and symptoms of PCOS and POI. Project findings suggest that a pre-screening tool can be an effective intervention to ultimately improve healthcare outcomes for those with undiagnosed PCOS and POI.

#40 - Alexandria Offringa - Antibiotic sensitivity of Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis

Mentor: Michele Culumber
Department: Microbiology
Abstract: Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis is a non-starter, gram-positive, lactic acid bacteria that causes gas defects in cheese. It was originally isolated in 2013 from Cheddar cheese made in Logan, Ut, and has since been discovered in many different cheese samples with gas defects. Understanding the growth parameters of P. wasatchensis will help control and eliminate this organism from the cheese industry. In this experiment, P. wasatchensis was tested for antibiotic sensitivity in a disk-diffusion assay. A lawn of P.wasatchensis was plated on DeMan “Rogosa" Sharpe media supplemented with 1% ribose (MRS+R) at an approximate concentration of 10^9 cfu/ml. Commercial antibiotic disks were aseptically placed, using ethanol-flamed forceps, on the culture surface and the plates were then incubated anaerobically at 30â„ƒ. A saline control disk and vancomycin disks were used as controls. Sensitivity was measured as a zone of clearing around each disk. P. wasatchensis demonstrated sensitivity to Novobiocin, Bacitracin, and Erythromycin, which each had zones of clearing. P. wasathensis had no clearing with the antibiotics Vancomycin, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Sulphamethoaxze, Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol. Understanding the antibiotic sensitivity profile of P. wasatchensis will help to design media and procedures for selectively culturing this contaminant from the environment in the future.

#41 - Echo Oliver - The Lived Experience of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study

Mentor: Eddie Hill
Department: Health, Physical Education, and Recreation
Abstract: Annually in the US, over 18,000 children are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), a chronic condition impacting blood glucose levels, requiring ongoing management (ADA, n.d.). Medical specialty camps offer environments that help youth acquire the support necessary to manage their condition (Ramfelt et al., 2023). However, we have little knowledge about the lived experience of youth with T1D and their experience participating in recreation programming. The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning youth ascribe to living with T1D and their participation in a recreation program. Seven semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted using an interview protocol to center youths' experience with T1D. After analyzing data, three themes emerged: Support, inclusion, and acceptance; Education and competency; and Family support. Support, inclusion, and acceptance: our youth are often the minority, regarding T1D wherever they are (about 1 in 250 kids have T1D). A participant shared: "It's really easy to make friends in REACH because everyone can relate to each other in the program." Education and competency: learning to manage T1D is an evolving process. A participant shared: "My parents used to do like everything. Now that I am older they can't really see anything other than my sugars and stuff. I also put all of my pump sites and everything in myself now." Family support: type 1 diabetes requires a family effort to properly manage, especially our younger kids. A participant shared: "I'm closer with my dad than my mom. I think that my dad has type 1 diabetes and knows what it is like to live with it, so he can help me more with advice and help." Our findings support using lived experience to understand the meaning ascribed to program participation and the prioritization of developmental opportunities for youth with T1D to thrive.

#42 - Jayne Ormsbee - Cognitive Science in Religion

Mentor: Nicolas Mugavero
Department: English
Abstract: This research addresses the connection Cognitive Science has to religion to explain the reasonings behind why religious belief exists. This essay will highlight the cognitive reasoning behind supernatural beliefs, the aspects that draw people to religion, and the concept of atheism and theism. The central question is: How does cognitive science play a role in religious beliefs? People attempt to prove theism, and others try to prove atheism through cognitive science of religion. There is a lack of research on both sides that can make both ideas plausible. This study aims to shed light on why religion and supernatural beliefs exist and why the creation of religions came to be.
To get the proper information for this topic I will be referring to articles and books from philosophers and others who specialize in these topics to get information on the concepts of a higher power and supernatural beliefs. This study also examines the social aspects and personal identities and how these things play a factor when it comes to the creation and practice of religion.
Initial data reveals that some believe it is naturally built in us to believe in higher powers and that it is unnatural for someone to not believe in a god. This is an opinion that has been brought up many times while searching this topic. People also use cognitive science of religion to try and disprove theism. Both sides in this debate will be provided in this essay to share the reasoning behind them but, this paper will refrain from personal opinions to be able to achieve the goal of explaining why cognitive science is relevant in religion using these opinions as examples. This essay will also contain facts about the evolutionary reasoning behind the concept of religious ideology and religious identity as well as the social aspects of religion and how that plays a role in religion.

#1 - Katelyn Ouzts - Comparative Analysis of Water Absorption in Cyanolichens and Chlorolichens Under Controlled Moisture Conditions

Mentor: Heather Root
Department: Botany
Abstract: This study investigates the water-holding capacity (WHC) of cyanolichens and chlorolichens when exposed to controlled moisture conditions. The research focuses on two species: Peltigera sp. a cyanolichen with cyanobacteria as its photobiont and Cladonia fimbriata a chlorolichen containing green algae. The objective is to determine how these lichens absorb water under three distinct treatments: soaking, misting. Studying cyanolichens and chlorolichens is important because these lichens contribute to nutrient cycling, air quality monitoring, and supporting biodiversity. These spices were chosen because of their distinct photobionts. This provides an opportunity to compare how the photobiont influences water absorption, and this could offer insights to their potential response to environmental change. Samples will be collected from the riparian forest near the Yellow Pine trail in the Uinta mountains where both lichen species thrive in their microhabitats. Samples will be exposed to three moisture treatments that include soaking which is simulating rain, misting that will simulate fog, and a high humidity container simulating atmospheric moisture. For each treatment, samples will be weighed before and after. WHC will be calculated as follows: WHC=[saturated wet mass (WM) “dry mass (DM)] / thallus area (A). Statistical analysis using ANOVA will be used to determine the differences in water absorption across treatments, and the results will be presented in a bar graph. Observations suggest that cyanolichens like Peltigera sp. that are commonly found in moist shaded areas may exhibit higher water absorption under soaking conditions, while chlorolichens like Cladonia fimbriata which can tolerate drier sunny environments may be more efficient in absorbing atmospheric moisture. This research addresses potential climate impacts on lichen species, and explores whether differences in water absorption rates between cyanolichens and chlorolichens could influence their resilience to changing moisture patterns. This could help inform conservation strategies for lichenologists and ecologists alike.

#43 - Candace Park - Fighting Resistance in MCF-7 Cells with Pan-CDK Inhibition

Mentor: Tracy Covey
Department: Chemistry
Abstract: Three drugs are currently approved by the FDA and clinically prescribed for CDK4/6 inhibitors as a form of cancer therapy. While the drugs on the market are effective, their long-term efficacy provides a window of improvement. Inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinases that phosphorylate the Rb protein have been shown to prevent early admittance to the S phase, providing better regulation of cell growth. Resistance in MCF-7 cells has been shown following long exposure to the medication. Potential pan-inhibitors, affecting both CDK2 and CDK6, will be explored, utilizing computer aided drug design. Promising leads will undergo molecular modeling, binding site evaluation, molecular docking, and ADMET prediction analysis. Results will be discussed. Although a small piece of the puzzle, this study provides useful insight regarding pan-inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 6. This strategy has implications in fighting the resistance developed by MCF-7 cells in response to drugs that are currently on the market.

#44 - Harmonee Peebels - The Relationship between Mental Health and Social Media

Mentor: Nicolas Mugavero
Department: English
Abstract: Social media keeps us in contact with our friends and family. It allows us to see what others are up to and stay updated on their lives. It also allows us to connect with other people from different countries. However, there are also bad qualities. There is cyberbullying, trolling, rumors spread easily, information overload, and so much more. But it also messes with our mental health. The problem with social media is with our young adults and teens. Our young adults are at ages where they are discovering who they are and their place in this world. And as great as social media can be for them, it can also be very harmful to them. Social media can affect the mental health of our young adults. This can range from anxiety to body image issues to depression. The research of this problem seeks to explore the different ways in which social media affects the mental health of our young adults. The research and methods of this research vary. For example, one source focused on a systematic review. Another source focused on interviews from teens, their parents, and even some experts in the field. One source even uses "The Royal Society for Public Health" and a survey they conducted among teens to young adults. All of these were aimed at proving that while social media has good qualities, it can be very harmful to our young people. The anticipated findings were slightly as expected although there were a few twists. The potential impact could be people changing how they view social media and maybe finally teaching our young people how to navigate social media safely. The relevance of these studies, if continued, is beneficial. Every day we get more advanced with technology and everyday it becomes more dangerous for our young people.

#45 - Nike Peterson - 13 Days, 13 Stories

Mentor: Aaron Atkins
Department: Communication
Abstract: Political sanctions and travel bans to Cuba by the United States have been in place since the 1960s. (Brittania). Relaxed attitudes towards Cuba beginning with the Obama administration now allow Americans commercial flight and visa options for the first time in over fifty years. (Leiro). I traveled with Weber State Study Abroad to Cuba this summer to study the impact of mass media restrictions on that population and learn about Cuban culture. In addition to fulfilling the requirements of the study abroad course work, I received funding to produce a "Thirteen Days, Thirteen Stories" exhibition that illuminates through short essays and photos how those restrictions have also impacted American perception of Cuban society. Professor Caroline McCulloch explained, "Cuba remains largely an enigma to outsiders, and especially to Americans. Myths prevail because of Cuban government censorship and the United States' historic tendency' to stereotype and simplify the communist island." (McCulloch). Marquette University law school student Jack McNally (qtd. in Schneider) recently spoke about how his own visit to Cuba and how personal interactions with the local population dispelled both his own misconceptions and those of the people he spoke to. "Cubans were quick to articulate their desire to learn about Americans and to teach us about Cubans. The portrait of Cubans as a uniform group committed only to ideology and the party line is far too simplistic to describe my experience. Cuba was everything I didn't expect it to be." (Schneider). Most American college students will never visit Cuba, but my intent is to bring the words, faces, and shared humanity gleaned from thirteen Cuban experiences directly to Weber State to help students and faculty see something of themselves in the portraits.

#46 - Christina Pluemer - Isolation of potential polychlorinated biphenyl digesting bacteria

Additional Authors: Brian Evans, Avalon Marker and Steven Wright
Mentor: Katrina Twing
Department: Microbiology
Abstract: In 2023, Dr. Katrina Twing traveled to Massachusetts and collected PCB-contaminated mud from Woods Pond, which is an oxbow of the Housatonic River. Previous evidence suggests that high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls were found here due to poor waste processing practices from upstream industrial manufacturers. The samples collected were plated and grown under a variety of different environmental conditions on media. Our sample came from mesocosm WP_mud2 and we kept our samples in an aerobic and light environment. We plated isolated colonies from our sample and treated them with a biphenyl solution to see if our bacteria was able to digest PCBs. PCR was done on DNA extracted from each colony to prepare them for Sanger sequencing. Our results were then cross-referenced with the BLAST database to identify our isolates. We cultured a variety of different potential PCB-degrading bacteria on plates and found multiple matches for both the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genus, but were unable to narrow our isolates down to an individual bacterial species while comparing DNA sequences. In our process, the colonies did show slight a color change, suggesting that the bacteria we found might be able to degrade PCBs, which is consistent with the literature.

#47 - Maxwell Price - Optimizing Donepezil for Enhanced Target Selectivity and Efficacy Against Human Acetylcholinesterase (4EY7)

Mentor: Tracy Covey
Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry
Abstract: Donepezil is an FDA-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to manage Alzheimer's disease by enhancing synaptic acetylcholine levels in the brain. Although effective, donepezil has limitations in selectivity and potential for off-target effects. Optimizing donepezil's structure could enhance its therapeutic profile and reduce adverse effects. This project aims to design and evaluate structural modifications of donepezil to improve binding affinity and selectivity for acetylcholinesterase (4EY7), thereby enhancing clinical efficacy and safety in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Computational drug design techniques, including 3D pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis, were applied to assess binding interactions and predict pharmacokinetics. Lipinski's rule of five and ADMET prediction tools were used to evaluate drug-likeness and metabolic stability of proposed derivatives. Early silico assessments suggest that certain donepezil derivatives may show improved binding and selectivity for acetylcholinesterase (4EY7). Data collection is ongoing to further validate these potential candidates and refine their pharmacokinetic profiles. These findings highlight possible donepezil derivatives with enhanced efficacy and specificity for acetylcholinesterase, providing a promising foundation for future preclinical investigations in Alzheimer's therapy optimization.

#48 - Daniela Ramirez - School Shootings

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: My argument is how have American parents' efforts to advocate for stricter gun control laws and school safety been hampered by legislation and pro-gun lobbyists in their narrow view of what the second amendment represents? Over the past year's there have been mass shootings at schools, killing hundreds of children all around the United States. This is a social issue, and I fear this because I have cousins and myself, that currently go to school and fear that this could happen. While researching this topic I learned a different perspective on mental health. I learned that it is not only the gun laws in America but also the problem of not addressing the importance of mental health. I was successful on learning some of the reasons that these shooting occur and what we can advocate for more safety. My goal is wanting to figure out what can change and what does help to prevent less gun violence.

#49 - Kylee Randle - Improving Eszopiclone

Mentor: Tracy Covey
Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry
Abstract: Eszopiclone, a benzodiazepine, is a drug that helps patients with insomnia. Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor and have neuropharmacological effects. This study investigates how the molecular structure of Eszopiclone could be altered to lower side effects, like drowsiness or headaches. This experiment was conducted using computer-aided drug design, and docking scores of the drug ligands were compared. Multiple ligands were created by making structural changes to Eszopiclone and compared to the cognate ligand (Eszopiclone). The results will be posted on the poster. These findings show the significance of metabolic pathways of drugs and how to improve drugs that will go through these pathways.

#50 - Burdette Remington - TRIM11 siRNA Increases Efficacy of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mentor: Katherine Bowman
Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry
Abstract: Treatment with siRNA targeting TRIM11, an oncogene upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is hypothesized to reduce the amount of sorafenib (an FDA-approved HCC chemotherapy) needed to kill HCC cells. HCC is the 3rd leading cause of cancer worldwide as of 2020 with a projected 5-year survival rate of only 20% for patients with advanced stages of HCC. Current chemotherapies for HCC, such as sorafenib, also have a high rate of toxic side effects. Thus, new treatments for advanced HCC diagnoses are needed. RNA interference uses small double-stranded RNA to silence gene expression by cleaving mRNA strands. Using siRNA against an oncogene in combination with the chemotherapeutic sorafenib could be a potential treatment for HCC by increasing the efficacy of the chemotherapy, thus reducing the amount necessary for treatment and reducing toxic side effects.. TRIM11 was chosen as the oncogene to target during this experiment because it is upregulated in HCC and causes proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Hep3B.1-7 cells, an HCC cell line with upregulated TRIM11 were grown and seeded into 96 well plates, then treated with TRIM11 siRNA (or left untreated as a control) and sorafenib. After 72 hours an MTS cell viability assay was run to determine the amount of viable cells, and the data was analyzed in GraphPad Prism to determine the IC50. The sorafenib IC50 in Hep3B.1-7 cells was significantly lower when treated with TRIM11 siRNA compared with the sorafenib-only cells. This indicates that, as expected, combination therapy of TRIM11 siRNA and sorafenib may reduce the amount of sorafenib required to achieve the same anti-HCC results. In order to verify this, we will next test the TRIM11 siRNA/sorafenib combination therapy in more HCC cell lines to explore whether or not this result is consistent in genetically diverse samples.

#51 - Max Richmond - Mapping potential improvements in sidewalk network connectivity to increase walkability in Ogden, Utah

Mentor: Eric Ewert
Department: Geography
Abstract: A major contributor to walkability in a city is the layout of its sidewalk network and how thoroughly that network's segments are connected. This level of sidewalk-segment connectivity can be measured with the purpose of highlighting portions of the network which could be improved with more sidewalk segments. This study used Geographic Information System (GIS) software tools to analyze the sidewalk network of Ogden, Utah. Priority areas in which new sidewalk segments would be most useful were identified. Within these priority areas, half-mile walking trips which followed the sidewalk network were simulated, radiating out from destination points. The resulting areas covered by the cumulative walking trips were then analyzed to measure the connectivity around each point. A specific destination point which ranks poorly in connectivity was chosen, and land ownership around the site was examined to construct three plausible scenarios for new sidewalk segments which would improve walkability in the surrounding neighborhood.

#52 - Maria Rios Cabrera - What is the Bidirectional Relationship Between Education and Violent crime in Honduras and El Salvador?

Mentor: Jennifer Gnagey
Department: Economics
Abstract: This paper investigates the bidirectional relationship between education and violent crime in Honduras and El Salvador, two Central American countries with persistently high crime rates and ongoing educational challenges. Research has suggested that increased education can lead to lower crime rates, while higher levels of violent crime can, in turn, disrupt educational access and quality. In line with these theories, this study explores both the impact of education on crime reduction and the influence of violent crime on educational attainment, focusing on the unique contexts of Honduras and El Salvador. Specifically, this paper expects to find a negative relationship, wherein improvements in educational outcomes correlate with reductions in violent crime rates, and vice versa. The analysis is motivated by recent trends in both countries, where, despite similarities in historical and socio-political conditions, violent crime and educational spending have diverged. Between 2015 and 2021, El Salvador's homicide rate dramatically dropped from 106.82 to 18.17 per 100,000 people, representing an 80% decline, while Honduras's reduction was comparatively modest, falling from 55.39 to 38.34 per 100,000 over the same period. Additionally, education spending patterns differ, with El Salvador experiencing steady increases in expenditure both as a percentage of GDP and in real terms, whereas Honduras has seen fluctuations and recent declines. The study incorporates these contrasts to explore whether El Salvador's improvements in education investment have contributed to its significant crime reduction and to assess if similar effects could be anticipated for Honduras. This paper aims to contribute insights into the complex interplay between educational policies and crime reduction efforts in regions facing structural violence and economic instability.

#53 - Andrew Rowley - Survival of Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis on surfaces used in the food industry

Mentor: Michele Culumber
Department: Microbiology
Abstract: The study tested the ability of Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis to survive on surfaces. Plb. wasatchensis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore forming, obligate heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. This test was done to understand the persistence of Plb. wasatchensis on surfaces and determine how it contaminates cheese. We tested stainless steel, lab bench tops, and plastic surfaces to see how long Plb. wasatchensis would remain viable. The stainless-steel experiments were done on a 12 inch by 12 inch stainless steel plate, which we inoculated with our sample of Plb. wasatchensis at approximately 1x10^3 cfu/7.5cm2. On days 0,1,2,3, and 7 a 7.5 cm2 area of the plate was sampled using Quick-SwabsTM and 0.33mL of the sample was plated on 3 DeMan, Rogosa, and Sharpe with 1% ribose (MRS+R) plates. The plates were incubated at 30Â° C anaerobically for 5-7 days, colonies were then counted The tests done on the lab bench were similar. The lab bench surface was first cleaned using ethanol. For the plastic surface, 6-well cell culture plates were used. To inoculate the plates, 0.1mL of our sample was pipetted into the well and allowed to dry. To collect the sample at the desired time points, 1mL sterile saline was added to each well and mixed with a cell scraper, 0.1mL was plated on MRS+R. All surfaces were sampled on days 0 and 7. Plb. wasatchensis could not be recovered from the steel plate or from on the lab bench at any time point. We suspect this may be due to a toxic effect of stainless-steel on Plb. wasatchensis. Similarly, the disinfectant regularly used on the lab bench may leave residual chemicals that inhibit the bacterium. When grown in the well-plate we obtained growth on day 0. The rest of the samples had no growth. Plb. wasatchensis is a slow growing fastidious microbe that may not like to grow outside of a milk or cheese environment, and may not survive on metal or plastic surfaces for an extended period of time.

#54 - Ebony Salgado - Prisoners post-release research

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: How effectively does the American prison system (federal level) implement reentry programs and prepare former inmates to adapt to current culture after serving long prison sentences? The purpose of this research is to gain more information about our justice system, society, adaptation, and more. I want to be able to gain more information on how our former inmates learn to adjust to their new lives after their release, how we can help make the process easier and reduce recidivism. I have taken about ten sources into consideration while doing my research, five scholarly journals, two books about the challenges within post-release and reentry programs, and sources from the U.S. department of Justice. I am a Criminal Justice major and I have taken many classes about the Justice system because it is one of my biggest interests. With that being said, with this research I have watched many videos, listened to podcasts, and read many different articles, journals, and books about these topics. More specifically topics based on, recidivism, reentry programs, rehabilitation, incarceration, and culture adaptation. Before my research, I had already had an idea on how well the prison systems are preparing their inmates and at the end, my original answer was able to be supported with the research I had conducted. That being, the prison systems/Criminal Justice system are not preparing their inmates very effectively to adapt to current culture due to missing contributors and resources in their programs.

#55 - Siera Smith - Hg concentrations in brine flies and western spotted orb weaver spiders at Antelope Island State Park

Mentor: Rebecka Brasso
Department: Zoology
Abstract: The Great Salt Lake (GSL) plays a vital role in the boundless variety of flora and fauna in Utah. Mercury (Hg) is found in high concentrations in the GSL due to anthropogenic activities, such as mining and coal combustion, in which Hg enters streams and rivers, ultimately being deposited into the GSL. Hg acts as a neurotoxin, decreases reproductive success, and impairs the immune and endocrine systems. The main property of Hg that makes it so toxic is that it bioaccumulates individuals and biomagnifies in food webs (high trophic level organisms have higher concentrations). Because of the potential serious negative impacts of Hg on food webs, previous research has been conducted to monitor Hg variation in the GSL using brine flies, an emergent aquatic insect near the base of the food web and predatory orb weaver spiders. This study is a continuation of these efforts. Our goal was to quantify the amount of Hg in brine flies throughout the summer and compare concentrations by location around Antelope Island State Park. The Hg concentration in orb weavers was used to investigate the biomagnification and trophic transfer of Hg from aquatic to terrestrial food webs. Hg concentrations are currently being analyzed using a Direct Mercury Analyzer MA-3000. Based on previous results, we expect spider Hg concentrations to be higher than those of brine flies, and brine flies to have the highest Hg concentrations in August.

#56 - Kyle Sparks - In cold blood: prevalence of parasites in Utah's reptiles and amphibians species

Mentor: Jonathan Marshall
Department: Zoology
Abstract: Interactions between hosts and parasites are complex, and involve an interplay of environmental conditions, genetic diversity, and length of time of association. For reptiles, ticks and mites are some of the most common ectoparasites. Ticks and mites are final hosts and vectors for haemogregarines, a common unicellular parasite found in red blood cells. In this study, we surveyed several reptile and amphibian species in Utah to understand differences in parasite loads between native versus invasive species and sexually reproduction and asexual species. We captured specimens over a span of four months (May to September 2024 91��). Reptiles and amphibians were captured by hand. We recorded the species, the location and elevation, and its snout to vent length. We then took a small piece of its tail or toe, and from the cut did a blood smear, for microscope analysis. Results are still ongoing as several possible positive results await molecular conformation. Bringing to question what species in Utah, could carry the parasite.

#57 - Emma Squire - Social Media and Mental Health

Mentor: Nicolas Mugavero
Department: English
Abstract: The purpose of this project is to inform parents and teenagers about the impact of social media on the brain and mental health. The central question is: How does the early exposure of social media impact teenagers' mental health in grade school? While some individuals doubt that social media contributes to the fall in mental health, research suggests otherwise, stating that mental health in teenagers is declining due to what is being viewed on social media, such as comparing themselves to others due to appearance, or envying what seems to appear to be a better life. Another reason for the decline in mental health is cyberbullying. Because of the world we live in today, it is easier for kids to text each other things they wouldn't say face-to-face. For example, a teenager could make a comment on how dramatic someone is behind someone's back but would never say that to the persons face. To help with mental health, it is proven that a parent's interference by monitoring and creating tech-free zones has been beneficial. This research aims to shed light on the idea that social media should be monitored carefully, and limited time on the app will help with mental health. My expected results are that adults and teenagers will be made aware of this current issue and will be more educated in how to handle and seek help. The methodology involves information from the time social media first came around, to knowledge on the issue for the present day. This research and information will come from the articles I have read through and chosen, as they support my main idea and provide different areas of evidence, including graphs, timelines, and other authors' evidence too. It also provides different ideas on the negative effects and how parents can interfere.

#58 - Gloria Taylor - Comparing Lichen Abundance on Quercus gambelii and Acer saccharum

Additional Authors: Rebecca Pearce and Kansas Anderson
Mentor: Heather Root
Department: Botany and Plant Ecology
Abstract: Throughout Northern Utah, gamble oak (Quercus gambelii) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) trees are widespread and abundant in montane habitat, often clustered, growing in the same areas. The two tree species differentiate by leaf phenology and bark. Many trees have orange and brown organisms found growing on their bark called lichen. Lichen are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae, however, they are usually harmless to the trees they grow on. Trees provide ideal conditions for lichen growth, such as water content and sunlight, which are essential for growth. By better understanding different tree characteristics we can identify the growing density of lichen. Our study aims to understand how Quercus gambelii and Acer saccharum affect corticolous lichen abundance. We have identified key characteristics such as tree age, bark moisture content, and pH of the bark. In this study, we selected trees within close proximity of each other to remove the need to test the type of soil they are grown in. Multiple sites were selected at Discovery Loop Trail in Ogden, Utah in the late fall where the trees are still receiving sunlight and moisture from recent rain. We have taken core samples and pieces of bark from each set of trees to identify our results. To determine if one tree has more lichen density than the other we used a lichen counting sheet which provided a cover class. Our results indicate that Acer saccharum will have more lichen abundance than Quercus gambelii because they provide more resources needed by the lichen, especially at higher elevations.

#59 - Ayla Thayne - The Death Penalty: A Violation of the Human Life

Mentor: Ryan Evans
Department: English
Abstract: The death penalty is a form of capital punishment that has been around for centuries. As time goes on people are beginning to wonder if the death penalty violates fundamental human rights. As the death penalty has been analyzed in this paper, it has been concluded that it violates the constitution, specifically the 8th amendment. The research also suggests that the death penalty carries truly little benefit and is mostly leaving negative outcomes behind. This paper discusses the cost of the death penalty and its ability to deter crime. The research shows that the death penalty costs more than life imprisonment, and it does not deter crime. The comparison of states who have abolished the death penalty and states who still practice it, show that crime has not gone up with the abolition of the death penalty. The findings in this paper point to the death penalty as being an ineffective form of punishment, which produce no advantages. Since the death penalty is not effective, this paper suggests alternatives to the death penalty that prove to be worthwhile.

#33 - Kate Thompson - Regression of muscle mass in migrating Lazuli buntings

Additional Authors: Niku Mojabi
Mentor: John Cavitt
Department: Zoology
Abstract: Migratory birds must undergo cycles of fuel storage and depletion during their annual cycle. These changes can result in more than a two-fold change in body mass. In addition to changes in fat stores, migratory birds also have been shown to undergo considerable changes of muscle tissue and abdominal organs. Changes in flight muscle mass are likely to come at a cost, as regression of the pectoralis has been shown to reduce escape speed. We examined the variation in Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena) mean flight muscle mass as birds arrived to the breeding grounds, throughout the breeding season and as they prepared for migration to the non-breeding sites. Birds were captured with mist-nets, aged, sexed, banded with a numbered USGS aluminum leg band, weighed, and measured. Body condition was by scoring each bird for fat deposition and mean flight muscle mass was determined with the use of a breast muscle meter. Reductions in flight muscle mass are likely to come at a cost of increased predation risk. These costs may be ameliorated by behavioral strategies to minimize predation risk.

#60 - Sharlene Thomson - Communication and Care Coordination Education to Promote Patient-Centered Care

Mentor: Tamara Berghout
Department: Nursing
Abstract: Lack of proven communication tactics utilized in the homecare setting can lead to communication breakdown, poor care coordination, and decreased quality of life for the patients. Purpose: This project aimed to develop and implement an educational program to help pediatric homecare nurses communicate better with patients, families, and the healthcare team. Methods: The literature review appraised research on topics related to communication in pediatric home healthcare to inform future quality improvement (QI) in this population. The themes identified from the literature on communication components, barriers, and partnerships informed the education-based quality improvement intervention that was tested at a small pediatric homecare agency. Two groups of nurses participated in this project: a pilot group of case managers and the general nursing staff. The pilot group voluntarily completed an online education module on active listening, motivational interviewing, and SMART goal-setting. The nursing staff received the same education via a mandatory in-service meeting, and they were invited to complete interventions on learned topics and log them in the patient chart. Results: The pilot group completed pre and post-surveys, which indicated a slight increase in confidence in using the learned skills. The nursing staff group was evaluated through chart checks, and no impact was shown, and poor nurse buy-in was evident.Implications for Practice: Evidence-based communication techniques are relevant to home care because they improve patient outcomes and satisfaction and facilitate care coordination. Nurse education is crucial to translating this knowledge into practice, but attitudes about change must be effectively addressed.

#61 - Katherine Tingey - Raising Palliative Care Awareness in a Salt Lake City Hospital Neuro Critical Care Unit

Mentor: Angela Page
Department: Doctorate of Nursing Practice- Family Nurse Practitioner
Abstract: The rising prevalence of chronic illnesses and the aging population necessitate healthcare's increased focus on palliative care. Palliative care enhances patients' quality of life and supports their families during and after life-sustaining treatments. Insufficient palliative care knowledge and confidence among nurses decreases the number of patients who can benefit from it. Purpose: This quality improvement project explores the impact of targeted palliative care education on Neuro Critical Care Unit (NCCU) nurses' knowledge and confidence in discussing and recommending palliative care. Methodology: The project involved implementing an educational module, introducing palliative care infographics in cubbies between patient rooms, and integrating regular palliative care discussion topics during shift huddles. Pre- and post-education surveys and infographic tally marks were utilized to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness. Results: Pre- and post-survey results indicated a significant improvement in nurses' knowledge of and comfort levels in discussing palliative care with patients, families, and providers. However, infographic tally marks revealed no observable increase in palliative care referrals. Implications for Practice: The survey results support the importance of continuous education and suggest that while knowledge and confidence can be improved, translating these into increased referral rates may require more sustained and systemic changes. It also highlights the challenges in changing referral behaviors and the need for ongoing efforts to integrate palliative care into routine NCCU practices. Keywords: palliative care, neurocritical care unit (NCCU), nurse education, intensive care unit (ICU), quality-of-life, patient-family-provider communication, chronic illnesses, end-of-life care, hospice care, healthcare providers, nursing confidence, palliative care referrals, supportive care, curative care, comfort care.

#62 - Hannah Verhaal - Deconvolution of Partitioning Delays from Time-Resolved Trace Gas Measurements

Mentor: ADemetrios Pagonis
Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry
Abstract: Time-resolved measurements of low-volatility gasses are limited by the partitioning of analyte to instrument surfaces, resulting in what are known as partitioning delays. These delays slow instrument responses and affect the accuracy of subsequent analyses. In this work, a deconvolution algorithm that corrects measurements affected by partitioning delays is introduced. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using synthetic data and its success in correcting partitioning delays is demonstrated in airborne nitric acid measurements. The effectiveness of deconvolution is compared to frequent subtraction of instrument background, which is the current best practice for partitioning delays. Frequent background measurements are outperformed by the deconvolution algorithm when sample concentrations are changing rapidly. The deconvolution algorithm can be applied to time series that include frequent measurement of instrument backgrounds, enabling reanalysis of past data. Furthermore, the algorithm does not rely on any coincident data; it is effective without any external information about the true time series of an analyte. When applied to nitric acid measurements from a wildfire smoke plume, deconvolution increases the calculated normalized excess mixing ratio (Î”HNO3/Î”CO) by 72%. This work demonstrates that the deconvolution algorithm is applicable to ground, airborne, and eddy flux covariance measurements of 'sticky' compounds.

#2 - Brigham Warner - Norbornenone Prodrugs

Mentor: Barry Lloyd
Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry
Abstract: Norborn-2-en-7-one is a starting material for the synthesis of some antitumor. Norbornenone based prodrugs decompose into carbon monoxide which causes cell death. These prodrugs were studied, looking at their effectiveness and absorption, looking for ways to improve upon these drugs. Using various modeling tools and predictors, the structure of these prodrugs was altered to see if a better drug could be made. The results that came from these studies will be discussed in the presentation. This work is important to further understand the properties that are important for these antitumor compounds.

#3 - Brigham Warner - Synthetic Routes of Norbornene compounds

Additional Author: Chloe Adams
Mentor: Barry Lloyd
Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry
Abstract: Norborn-2-ene derivatives are important compounds for a variety of reasons. The issue is that the current synthetic route for some of these compounds involves highly toxic chemicals as well as various other complications. New synthetic routes for some of these compounds have been explored. Anti norborn-2-en-7-ol has been synthesized and routes to either invert the alcohol to the syn conformation or oxidize it to a ketone are being explored.

#63 - Tate Warren - The New Power Players: Argumentation by State Solicitor Generals before the US Supreme Court

Mentor: Gary Johnson
Department: Political Science and Philosophy
Abstract: State Solicitor Generals (SSGs) are a relatively recent and profound organizational addition to State Attorney Generals offices particularly in regards to arguing before the Supreme Court when the state government is a litigant. In two original datasets we describe the role of this expanding office, provide a demographic description of the diversity and powers the respective states assign the office and the judicial experience of SSGs. Forty-five states and the District of Columbia now have a state solicitor general. Few studies have explicitly examined the role of SSGs in shaping the litigation effectiveness of state governments before the U.S. Supreme Court. State governments currently litigate as parties in approximately one quarter of all Supreme Court cases. A deeper understanding of this block of cases increases our knowledge of the Supreme Court generally, but it also enhances our understanding of state government litigation strategies and whether this proliferation in the creation of Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) has paid off in terms of greater successes.

Poster Presentations Session 1

#4 - Aurore Ackorlie - Racial Stereotyping in US Healthcare: An Examination of the Impact on Patient Care and Healthcare Outcomes

#5 - Ella Ahern - ASD misunderstandings, stereotypes, and prejudice

#6 - Wyatt Ames - The immigrant-export link in the United States

#7 - Landon Baird - siRNA Knockdown of Oncogene ECT2 Combined with Sorafenib Chemotherapy for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

#8 - Almon Bate- Analysis of Disneyland wait times VS posted wait times

#9 - Bergen Billings- The Butterfly Effect of 9/11

#10 - Kyle Brech - Testing the Change in Shear Stress on Intumescent Ablative Materials

#11 - Emma Brinkerhoff - Taylor Swift and her Feminism

#12 - Sarah Buckway - Redesigning Metronidazole to Decrease Neurotoxicity in Canids and Odor Detection Dogs

#13 - Sabrina Buhler - How Diverse are Grazing Mayflies?

#14 - Fernando Cervantes - Equal pay for Male and Female Soccer players

#15 - Sarah Cooper - The Dark Side of Athletes Participating in Intermittent Fasting

#16 - Ashlyn Crowell - Stress and Classroom Communication: A Mixed Methods Study

#17 - Amber Devereaux - Elucidating the Mechanism of p53-Bad*, a Novel Gene Therapy for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

#18 - Pravesh Dhakal - The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Teenagers in the United States

#19 - Keagan Egbert - Epiphytic Diatom Abundance on Mosses in Relation to Moisture Content and Distance from Water at Gib's Loop Trail, Utah

#20 - Christine Eldredge-Brown - Implementing Evidence-Based Nonpharmacological Interventions for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting at a Regional Community Hospital

#21 - Ashlee Ellinwood - Bridging the Gap: A Communication Privacy Management Approach to Student-Faculty Interaction in Higher Education

#22 - Jennifer Fernandez - The Impact of Parent-Child Communication from Infancy to Toddlerhood

#23- Ethan Finley - The Controversial Impact of Artificial Intelligence: The Foreboding Rise of Generated Art

#24- Elise Fortin - Income and Pollutants: The Effect on Respiratory Illness Mortality

#25 - Megan Fullmer - Isolation of Microbes From PCB Contaminated Soil Samples

#26 - Fayth Harris - The Affects the NFL has on its Athletes

#27 - Olivia Hovley - Opioid Epidemic in the United States

#28 - Dave Hulme - Voter Engagement in the 21st Century

#29 - Tyler Jenkins - The Effect of Short Perturbation-based Training on Balance

#30 - Ei Kyi - Economic Development in Utah: Opportunities and Challenges

#31 - Tuan Le - ReduJavator: A Tool to Simplify Developer-written Java Unit Tests

#32 - Ryan Le - Autonomous Pool Navigating Boat

#34 - Sarah Madsen - Affects of Performance Enhancing Drugs on Policies for the Olympics

#35 - Abby Miller - Lifting the Curtain On Domestic Violence: Peering into Women's Experiences Behind Closed Doors

#36 - Ashley Montgomery - Response of Great Salt Lake Microbialite Photosynthetic Communities to Varying Salinity

#37 - Raegan Morris - The Relationship Between a Functionally Impaired Child and Their Siblings' Communication Patterns in Adulthood

#38 - Alysha Mudrow - The Effects that Ultra-Processed Food Has On Our Life Expectancy: How Are We Being Warned?

#39 - Britney Munday - Pre-screening for Early Identification of Sex-Steroid Hormone Imbalances

#40 - Alexandria Offringa - Antibiotic sensitivity of Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis

#41 - Echo Oliver - The Lived Experience of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study

#42 - Jayne Ormsbee - Cognitive Science in Religion

#1 - Katelyn Ouzts - Comparative Analysis of Water Absorption in Cyanolichens and Chlorolichens Under Controlled Moisture Conditions

#43 - Candace Park - Fighting Resistance in MCF-7 Cells with Pan-CDK Inhibition

#44 - Harmonee Peebels - The Relationship between Mental Health and Social Media

#45 - Nike Peterson - 13 Days, 13 Stories

#46 - Christina Pluemer - Isolation of potential polychlorinated biphenyl digesting bacteria

#47 - Maxwell Price - Optimizing Donepezil for Enhanced Target Selectivity and Efficacy Against Human Acetylcholinesterase (4EY7)

#48 - Daniela Ramirez - School Shootings

#49 - Kylee Randle - Improving Eszopiclone

#50 - Burdette Remington - TRIM11 siRNA Increases Efficacy of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

#51 - Max Richmond - Mapping potential improvements in sidewalk network connectivity to increase walkability in Ogden, Utah

#52 - Maria Rios Cabrera - What is the Bidirectional Relationship Between Education and Violent crime in Honduras and El Salvador?

#53 - Andrew Rowley - Survival of Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis on surfaces used in the food industry

#54 - Ebony Salgado - Prisoners post-release research

#55 - Siera Smith - Hg concentrations in brine flies and western spotted orb weaver spiders at Antelope Island State Park

#56 - Kyle Sparks - In cold blood: prevalence of parasites in Utah's reptiles and amphibians species

#57 - Emma Squire - Social Media and Mental Health

#58 - Gloria Taylor - Comparing Lichen Abundance on Quercus gambelii and Acer saccharum

#59 - Ayla Thayne - The Death Penalty: A Violation of the Human Life

#33 - Kate Thompson - Regression of muscle mass in migrating Lazuli buntings

#60 - Sharlene Thomson - Communication and Care Coordination Education to Promote Patient-Centered Care

#61 - Katherine Tingey - Raising Palliative Care Awareness in a Salt Lake City Hospital Neuro Critical Care Unit

#62 - Hannah Verhaal - Deconvolution of Partitioning Delays from Time-Resolved Trace Gas Measurements

#2 - Brigham Warner - Norbornenone Prodrugs

#3 - Brigham Warner - Synthetic Routes of Norbornene compounds

#63 - Tate Warren - The New Power Players: Argumentation by State Solicitor Generals before the US Supreme Court

#17 - Amber Devereaux - Elucidating the Mechanism of p53-Bad, a Novel Gene Therapy for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma*